“In a race, the quickest runner can never overtake the slowest, since the pursuer must first reach the point whence the pursued started, so that the slower must always hold a lead.”

—Aristotle, Physics VI:9, 239b15

In the paradox of Achilles and the Tortoise, Achilles is in a footrace with the tortoise. Achilles allows the tortoise a head start of 100 metres. If we suppose that each racer starts running at some constant speed (one very fast and one very slow), then after some finite time, Achilles will have run 100 metres, bringing him to the tortoise's starting point. During this time, the tortoise has run a much shorter distance, say, 10 metres. It will then take Achilles some further time to run that distance, by which time the tortoise will have advanced farther; and then more time still to reach this third point, while the tortoise moves ahead. Thus, whenever Achilles reaches somewhere the tortoise has been, he still has farther to go. Therefore, because there are an infinite number of points Achilles must reach where the tortoise has already been, he can never overtake the tortoise.[8][9]

In philosophy, an aporia is a philosophical puzzle or a seemingly insoluble impasse in an inquiry, often arising as a result of equally plausible yet inconsistent premises. It can also denote the state of being perplexed, or at a loss, at such a puzzle or impasse. The notion of an aporia is principally found in Greek philosophy, but it also plays a role in post-structuralist philosophy, as in the writings of Derrida and Irigaray, and it has also served as an instrument of investigation in analytic philosophy.

Plato's early dialogues are often called his 'aporetic' (Greek: ἀπορητικός) dialogues because they typically end in aporia. Socrates questions his interlocutor about the nature or definition of a concept, for example virtue or courage. Socrates then, through elenctic testing, shows his interlocutor that his answer is unsatisfactory. After a number of such failed attempts, the interlocutor admits he is in aporia about the concept, concluding that he does not know what it is. In Plato's Meno (84a-c), Socrates describes that aporia shows someone who merely thought he knew something that he does not in fact know it and instills in him a desire to investigate it.

In Aristotle's Metaphysics aporia plays a role in his method of inquiry. In contrast to a rationalist inquiry that begins from a priori principles, or an empiricist inquiry that begins from a tabula rasa, he begins the Metaphysics by surveying the various aporiai that exist, drawing in particular on what puzzled his predecessors: "it is necessary that we should first review the things about which we need, from the outset, to be puzzled" (995a24).

The Illiad is a Greek epic poem written in approximately the 8th century B.C, attributed to Homer and written in dactylic hexameter. The poem, also known as the Song of Illium of Illion, narrates the war between the Greeks of the city-state Sparta and the Trojans of Troy. Helen, the queen of Sparta, has eloped with the Trojan prince Paris. Menelaus, her husband, sends his brother Agammemnon to lead the expedition against Troy. The poem takes place during the final year of the war, covering the final battle scenes in which the Greek warrior Achilles argues with Agammemnon, kills the Trojan warrior Hector, and is later killed by Paris' arrow hitting his only weak point, his heel. The Greek's mock defeat, and infiltrate the Trojan city walls through an empty wooden horse. Greek soldiers were concealed in the empty horse, and once the city walls were breached they surprise attack Troy, and win the war.

In Greek mythology, Chronos (Ancient Greek: Χρόνος) in pre-Socratic philosophical works is said to be the personification of time. His name in Greek means "time" (and can also mean "year" in Modern Greek) and is alternatively spelled Chronus (Latin spelling) or Khronos.

Chronos was imagined as an incorporeal god, serpentine in form, with three heads—those of a man, a bull, and a lion. He and his consort, serpentine Ananke (Inevitability), circled the primal world-egg in their coils and split it apart to form the ordered universe of earth, sea and sky. He is not to be confused with the Titan Cronus.

He was depicted in Greco-Roman mosaics as a man turning the Zodiac Wheel. Often the figure is named Aeon (Eternal Time), a common alternative name for the god.

Chronos is usually portrayed through an old, wise man with a long, gray beard, such as "Father Time". He is also depicted with wings, as "time flies". Some of the current English words whose etymological root is khronos/chronos include chronology, chronometer, chronic, anachronism, and chronicle.

Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to the myths and study them in an attempt to throw light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece, its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself.[1]

Greek mythology is embodied explicitly in a large collection of narratives and implicitly in Greek representational arts, such as vase-paintings and votive gifts. Greek myth attempts to explain the origins of the world and details the lives and adventures of a wide variety of gods, goddesses, heroes, heroines, and mythological creatures. These accounts initially were disseminated in an oral-poetic tradition; today the Greek myths are known primarily from Greek literature.

The oldest known Greek literary sources, the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey, focus on events surrounding the Trojan War. Two poems by Homer's near contemporary Hesiod, the Theogony and the Works and Days, contain accounts of the genesis of the world, the succession of divine rulers, the succession of human ages, the origin of human woes, and the origin of sacrificial practices. Myths also are preserved in the Homeric Hymns, in fragments of epic poems of the Epic Cycle, in lyric poems, in the works of the tragedians of the fifth century BC, in writings of scholars and poets of the Hellenistic Age and in texts from the time of the Roman Empire by writers such as Plutarch and Pausanias.

Athenian tragedy—the oldest surviving form of tragedy—is a type of dance-drama that formed an important part of the theatrical culture of the city-state.[12] Having emerged sometime during the 6th century BCE, it flowered during the 5th century BCE, and continued to be popular until the beginning of the Hellenistic period.[13] We have complete texts extant by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.[15]

Athenian tragedies were performed in late March/early April at an annual state religious festival in honor of Dionysos. The presentations took the form of a contest between three playwrights, who presented their works on three successive days. Each playwright offered a tetralogy consisting of three tragedies and a concluding comic piece called a satyr play. The four plays sometimes featured linked stories. Only one complete trilogy of tragedies has survived, the Oresteia of Aeschylus. The Greek theatre was in the open air, on the side of a hill, and performances of a trilogy and satyr play probably lasted most of the day. Performances were apparently open to all citizens, including women, but evidence is scant.

Many ancient Greek tragedians employed the ekkyklêma as a theatrical device, which was a platform hidden behind the skene that could be rolled out to display the aftermath of some event which had happened out of sight of the audience. This event was frequently a brutal murder of some sort, an act of violence which could not be effectively portrayed visually, but an action of which the other characters must see the effects in order for it to have meaning and emotional resonance.

In Greek mythology, Orestes (English pronunciation: /ɒˈrɛstiːz/; Greek: Ὀρέστης [oˈrestɛːs]) was the son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon. He is the subject of several Ancient Greek plays and of various myths connected with his madness and purification, which retain obscure threads of much older ones.[1]

Orestes has a root in ὄρος (óros), "mountain". The metaphoric meaning of the name is the person "who can conquer mountains".

In the Homeric story,[2] Orestes was a member of the doomed house of Atreus which is descended from Tantalus and Niobe. Orestes was absent from Mycenae when his father, Agamemnon, returned from the Trojan War with the Trojan princess Cassandra as his concubine, and thus not present for Agamemnon's murder by his wife, Clytemnestra, in retribution for his sacrifice of their daughter Iphigenia to obtain favorable winds during the Greek voyage to Troy. Seven years later, Orestes returned from Athens and with his sister Electra avenged his father's death by slaying his mother and her lover Aegisthus.

In the Odyssey, Orestes is held up as a favorable example to Telemachus, whose mother Penelope is plagued by suitors.

<table>
<tr>
<td><b>id</b></td>
<td>(Integer) </td>
<td>The internal ID of the block</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>title</b></td>
<td>(String, can be null)</td>
<td>The title of the block</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>updated_at</b></td>
<td>(Timestamp)</td>
<td>Timestamp when the block was last updated</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>created_at</b></td>
<td>(Timestamp)</td>
<td>Timestamp when the block was created</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>state</b></td>
<td>(String)</td>
<td>Represents the state of the blocks processing lifecycle (this will most often "Available" but can also be "Failure", "Processed", "Processing")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>comment_count</b></td>
<td>(Integer)</td>
<td>The number of comments on a block</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>generated_title</b></td>
<td>(String)</td>
<td>If the title is present on the block, this will be identical to the title. Otherwise it will be a truncated string of the description or content. If neither of those are present, it will be "Untitled"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>class</b></td>
<td>(String)</td>
<td>The type of block. Can be "Image", "Text", "Link", "Media", or "Attachment"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>base_class</b></td>
<td>(String)</td>
<td>This will always be "Block"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>content</b></td>
<td>(String, can be null)</td>
<td>If the block is of class "Text", this will be the text content as markdown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>content_html</b></td>
<td>(String, can be null)</td>
<td>If the block is of class "Text", this will be the text content as HTML</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>description</b></td>
<td>(String, can be null)</td>
<td>This is used for captioning any type of block. Returns markdown.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>description_html</b></td>
<td>(String, can be null)</td>
<td>This is used for captioning any type of block. Returns HTML</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>source</b></td>
<td>(Hash, can be null)</td>
<td>If the Block is saved from somewhere on the web, this returns a Hash representation of the source<br><br>
<table>
<tr>
<td><b>url</b></td>
<td>(String)</td>
<td>The url of the source</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>provider</b></td>
<td>(Hash)</td>
<td>A hash of more info about the provider
<b>name</b>: (String) The name of the source provider
<b>url</b>: (String) The hostname of the source provider
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>image</b></td>
<td>(Hash, can be null)</td>
<td>If the Block is of class "Image" or "Link", this will be a Hash representation of the various sizes of images that Arena provides (in the case of a "Link" it will be a screenshot of the website).
<br><br>
<table>
<tr>
<td><b>filename</b></td>
<td>(String)</td>
<td>Name of the file as it appears on the Arena filesystem</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>content_type</b></td>
<td>(String)</td>
<td>MIME type of the image (e.g. 'image/png')</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>updated_at</b></td>
<td>(Timestamp)</td>
<td>Timestamp of the last time the file was updated</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>thumb</b></td>
<td>(Hash)</td>
<td>Only contains url which is a URL of the thumbnail sized image (200x200)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>display</b></td>
<td>(Hash)</td>
<td>Only contains url which is a URL of the display sized image (same aspect ratio as original image but with a maximim width of 600px or a maximum height of 600px, whichever comes first)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>original</b></td>
<td>(Hash)</td>
<td> Contains url which is a URL of the original image as well <i>file_size</i> (an integer representation in bytes) and <i>file_size_display</i> (a nicer string representation of the file_size)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>user</b></td>
<td>(Hash)</td>
<td>Representation of the author of the block</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>connections</b></td>
<td>(Array)</td>
<td>An array of hash representations of each of the channels the block appears in</td>
</tr>
</table>