Though the ennui of the suburban housewife is more commonly associated with the 1960s, as early as the 1860s the so-called materialist feminists critiqued women's dependent economic position, given that their work went unseen and unpaid, and argued against the wasted labor of each woman cooking, cleaning, and providing childcare for her household alone. Melusina Fay Peirce published critiques of women's dependent economic position in the Atlantic in 1868 and 1869, railing against the waste of women's education and their need to ask permission of fathers and husbands. Her solution was "cooperative housekeeping," where women would band together to buy a building and outfit it with equipment for cooking, baking, laundry, and sewing, performing the work together and sharing their husbands retail prices for the result.