Being a good designer—being a good visual designer — requires intentionality.
That means that you’re thinking through these questions and answering them as you’re making design decisions, not only when someone asks you the question after the fact.
The next thing to work on as you answer these questions with intentionality is to ensure that intentionality is based on solid design principles and research and attention to detail, and yes, sometimes things like style and preference.
You observe design in the world and form opinions on what’s good and what’s not good. You solidify your opinions on foundational design principles.
You look at established design systems like material design and Human Interface Guidelines.
You practice.
You browse websites and apps and Dribbble for excellent design work, and you don’t copy them, but you ask yourself why is this working? You search for answers.