Memes offer an extreme example of what pub- lishing can do. However trivial and frivolous they may seem, they are indeed a very powerful means, as shown by their power to influence political campaigns and their outcomes.

for some to engage on these platforms is the only activist way forward. That this can actually be quite powerful was illustrated by Clara Balaguer and Isabel Löfgren, who gave examples of coun- ter-memeing. As memes derive their power from the complex of relations they arise from and their ability to (quickly) form complex new relations, knowing how to tap into this can make memes into means to change things. In the end, democracy is not a given. We shouldn’t surrender to the polarizing and lies-driven way of doing politics that is becoming dominant but start taking back initiative – and maybe even start to troll.