Knowledge Processes

Knowledge production is a process made up of four task clusters (or sub-processes) [3]:

Information Acquisition
Individual and Group Learning
Knowledge Claim Formulation
Knowledge Claim Evaluation

Knowledge integration is made up of four more task clusters [3], all of which may use interpersonal, electronic or both types of methods in execution:
- Knowledge and Information Broadcasting
- Searching/Retrieving
- Knowledge Sharing (peer-to-peer presentation of previously produced knowledge)
- Teaching (hierarchical presentation of previously produced knowledge)

Among the eight sub-processes above, it is important to remember that individual and group learning is itself knowledge processing. Individual and group learning produces knowledge claims for consideration at higher levels of analysis of knowledge processing. But at the individual and group levels themselves, learning is knowledge production, and depending on the group level, all four task clusters are involved at that level too. Let's call it the "nesting" of knowledge processing in the enterprise [3].

KM Processes

Knowledge Management is the set of processes that seek to change the organization's present pattern of knowledge processing to enhance both it and its knowledge outcomes. That implies that KM doesn't directly manage knowledge outcomes, but only impacts processes, which, in turn, impact outcomes. For example, if one changes the rules affecting knowledge production, the quality of knowledge claims may improve, or if a KM intervention supplies a new search technology based on semantic analysis of knowledge bases that may result in improvement in the quality of models. There are at least nine knowledge management processes [3]:

Symbolic Representation
External Relationship Building with Others Practicing KM
Leadership
KM-level Knowledge Production
KM-level Knowledge Integration
Crisis Handling
Change in Knowledge Processing Rules
Negotiation for Resources with Representatives of Other Organizational Processes
Resource Allocation for Knowledge Processes and for Other KM Processes

KM-level knowledge production and integration reflects the idea that KM may also be about responding to epistemic gaps arising from knowledge management operational processes themselves. The change in the knowledge processing rules process, for example, may develop epistemic problems. In that case, KLCs at the level of KM processing will be initiated and will produce and integrate new knowledge about how to change knowledge processing rules to enhance information acquisition, knowledge claim evaluation or one of the other sub-processes of the KLC [3].

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